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The Jacobs ladder is one of the two mentioned strategies that are being used to develop improved functionals, in the hope to eventually find the so called “divine” functional. The idea behind this strategy is to retain the old functionals that already work while adding capability. It can be seen as a ladder with five rungs, these represent every step. The five steps are:
1) Local Density Approximation (LDA), where only the electron density is used
2) Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA), gradient of the density is added
3) meta-GGA, the kinetic energy density is added.
4) In this step, the divine functional is approached by treating the exchange exactly (for this to work, it is combined with a compatible correlation).
5) The exact exchange is retained and refines the correlation by evaluating a part of it exactly.
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