> Why do we call quantum physics an ab initio model?
It originates from the quantization of energies.
> Why do we call classical mechanics an ab initio model?
I would argue, this is based on the principles of least/stationary action and a special case
of quantum physics when quantized fields are seen from a large scale.
> Is classical electromagnetism an an ab initio model (and if it is one, what are its first principles)
I’m unsure to say Maxwell equations as first principle because one can still formulate EM, Classical Mechanics from the field theories. If that’s the case, can be say the field formalization as ab initio model instead of electromagnetism.
I need more clarity before jogging down my points, so any thoughts are much welcome.